Iberia group

Iberia group 1. Iberia Group Iberia is Spains largest air transport group and the fourth-largest in Europe. It is also the leading airline on routes between Europe and Latin America, with the most flights and destinations. And is member of Oneworld, a global alliance of leading airlines. Company is in business from 1927. And is only European airline has posted profit from last 13 years. In 2008 its main activities; Transport of passengers and cargo Aircraft maintenance Handling services in airports It flies to more than 118 destinations in 45 countries. But it reaches 189 destinations in more than 70 countries with membership with Oneworld alliance and code sharing accords with other airlines. Worlds 9th largest aircraft maintenance and engineering firm. In 2008, company completed deep inspections of1,384 aircraft,208 engines, 30 APU (auxiliary motors) and 68,396 components, among other tasks. It offers its service in 41 Spanish airports. And has fleet of nearly 8,500 ground vehicles and employs more than 8,500 people. In 2008, it attended 223 airlines,79.9 millions of passengers and about 420,000 aircraft, in Spain. In 2008,28.5 million people chose Iberia or its regional franchise partner for their air travel. 1.1. Iberia Shareholders 2. British Airways On 25August1919, BritishAirways forerunner company, Aircraft Transport and Travel Limited (ATT), launched the worlds first daily international scheduled air service between London and Paris. They completed its successive 90 years in airline industry. British Airways is world leading and flagship carrier of UK. That fly to more than 300 destinations worldwide and company carried 33 million passengers in 2008/09. And it is also member of Oneworld a global alliance of leading airlines. Company carried 777,000 tonnes of cargo to destinations in Europe, the Americas and throughout the world. At the end of March 2009 Company had 245 aircraft in service. 2.1. History In 1924, Britains four main fledgling airlines, which had by then evolved into Instone, Handley Page, The Daimler Airway and British Marine Air Navigation Company, merged to form ImperialAirways Limited. By 1925, ImperialAirways was providing services to Paris, Brussels, Basle, Cologne and Zurich. In the mid 1930s, a handful of smaller UK air transport companies merged to form the original privately-owned BritishAirways Limited, which became Imperial Airways principal UK competitor on European routes, operating out of another new airport, Gatwick. Following a government review, ImperialAirways and BritishAirways were nationalised in 1939 to form BritishOverseasAirwaysCorporation (BOAC). In 1972 Government announced its intention to merge BEA and BOAC to form BritishAirways. The BritishAirways Group was established, which would eventually result in BOAC and BEA being dissolved on 31 March 1974 upon the formation of BritishAirways. In 1976 Worlds first passenger supersonic services were inaugurated simultaneously by BritishAirways to Bahrain (Concorde G-BOAA) and AirFrance to RiodeJaneiro via Dakar. Concorde flights to WashingtonDulles commenced, but problems with noise levels delayed operations to New YorksJFK airport. In 1984 British Airways became PLC. And in 1987 British Airways privatised and completed merger with British Caledonian which was financially troubled that time. In 2000 British Airways completed its acquisition of 9% of the shares in Iberia, at a total of Ptas41 billion ( £155m). In 2003 British Airways withdrew Concorde, signalling the closure of the worlds only supersonic passenger services. The last scheduled commercial flight was BA2 from JFK operated by G-BOAG. 2.2. British Airways Shareholders 3. Destinations of Iberia and BA 3.1. Iberia Group Destinations Spain 38 Destinations Europe 47Destinations Africa 9Destinations America 22 Destinations Near and Far East 1Destination Oceania 1 Destination Total 118 Destinations 3.2. BA Group Destination UK 9 Destinations Europe 67Destinations Africa 15Destinations America 38 Destinations Middle East and South Asia 12Destination Asia/Pacific 7 Destination Total 148 Destinations 3.3. BA and Iberia Fleet Aeroplane Iberia British Airways Airbus A-340/600 12 Airbus A340/300 21 Airbus A-321 19 11 Airbus A-320 45 35 Airbus A-319 22 33 Boeing 747 55 Boeing 777 42 Boeing 767 21 Boeing 757 15 Boeing 737 22 Avro RJ100 9 Avro RJ85 2 Total 119 245 According to 2009 3rd quarter report, Iberia operating with 114 Airbus fleet. 3.4. Iberia and BA Facts and Figures of 2008 and 2008/09 Iberia and BA Iberia Financial Year Ended on 31 Dec. 2008 BA Financial Year Ended on 31 Mar. 2009 Noncurrent asset 2450 8142 Current asset 3184 2346 Total asset 5634 10488 Equity 1564 1846 Noncurrent liability 1765 4500 Current liability 2305 4142 Total Equity and Liability 5634 10488 Revenue 5223 8992 Total recognise income/(Expense) (236) (358) Fuel cost 1666 2969 Pensions (307) Number of employees 21578 44987 3.5. Iberia and BA Accumulated Facts and Figures of 2009 Iberia and BA Iberia 3rd Quarter Statement 30 Sep. 09 BA 2nd Quarter Statement 30 Sep. 09 Noncurrent asset 2400.1 8074 Current asset 2034.3 2354 Total asset 4434.4 10444 Equity 1582.5 2161 Noncurrent liability 4652 Current liability 3631 Total Equity and Liability 10444 Revenue 3333.0 4102 Total recognise income/(Expense) (181.9) (208) Net Debt (1520.8) (2362) Fuel cost 889.6 1228 Pensions (2633) BA has 2 pension schemes called Airways Pension Scheme (APS) and New Airways Pension Scheme (NAPS). That in the past six months, the surplus in APS scheme fell from  £860m to  £27m, while the deficit in the NAPS scheme ballooned from  £1.2bn to  £2.7bn. However, Iberia says it can pull out of the deal if BA fails to resolve its pension deficit problem. 4. SWOT Analysis SWOT is strategic analysis tool which help us to scan micro and macro environment of an organisation. Which includes; Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats. Where Strength and Weakness is called micro environment factors and Opportunity and Threat is called macro environment factors, in which Strength and Opportunity is helpful to achieve company goals and Weakness and Threats is harmful to achieve company goals. 5. PESTLE Analysis PEST analysis stands for Political, Economical, Socio-culture, and technological and is framework of scanning tool for macro environmental forces of strategic management. Which is later extended by Legal and Environmental forces and called by PESTLE. This can help to start new investments or business. Political: How Government get involved in business to make certain change in laws. Political factors which has effects on any organisation or business such as Political Stability, Tax Laws, and Labour Laws. Economical: Economical factors such as economical growth, interest rate, exchange rate or inflation rate have major impact on policy making on decision making that how to run business in future. Socio-Cultural: It includes cultural aspects how people will behave towards product. Such as health consciousness, population rate, religion, or age. Technological: Technological aspects includes; research and development, new emerging technologies. Furthermore it can have affect cost, quality and lead to innovation. Legal: factors include discrimination law, consumer law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. Environmental aspects includes; Weather, Climate or Climate change. It may affect such as tourism and farming. Growing awareness to climate change is affecting companies. It both can create and destroys existing market. 6. Iberia 6.1. Strength Iberia is Spains largest air transport group and the fourth-largest in Europe. And is member of Oneworld, a global alliance of leading airlines. It flies to more than 118 destinations in 45 countries. And have 119 plains fleet. In 2008,28.5 million people choose Iberia or its regional franchise partner for their air travel. Iberia is the first European airline and third in the world best prepared to face the crisis, according to the â€Å"Top Performing Companies† ranking compiled by Aviation Week. 6.2. Weakness Iberias cabin crew have just finished one round of strikes and are promising more in a dispute over changes to their jobs. BAs attempts to cut cabin crew and freeze pay could also result in strikes. Ground staff and pilots are equally willing to use industrial action to get their way. 6.3. Opportunity Iberia is going for merger with BA which would save them 400 million Euros yearly. Increase in technology is playing important role such as online ticketing, and online check-in system is saving time and cost on operations. On 5 February 2006 the new Terminal 4 at Madrid Barajas was given over to Iberia and the Oneworld alliance members. This provided much-needed expansion capabilities for Iberia. Iberia is responsible for around 60% of the airports traffic. 6.4. Threats Credit crunch and increase in fuel prices and global warming are creating threats to airline industry. Because of credit crunch people are focusing on savings. Cheap airlines emerging which offers good services to travellers and people like to travel with these airlines. Climate change is another factor people are very conscious about environment friendly products. And airlines have big contribution in increase of CO2 emission in world. 6.5. Political/Legal During the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, the aviation companies in Spain were combined and become state-controlled as a general interest public utility, coming into effect in early 1928. The airline was nationalised on 30 September 1944 and became part of INI. In 2001 Iberia once again privatised and listed on stock exchange. On January 9, 2009 the European Commissions Competition Service authorised BA and Iberia merger. 6.6. Economical Economical situation on the globe is not good it hits worst every business specially banking sector and airline industry. Because aircrafts is expensive mean of travel and people are pointing their attention to saving. Holidays operators such as XL tour operator were filed bank corrupt due to credit crunch and high fuel prices. Iberia worst hit by credit crunch it post 236 million Euros and 182 million Euros net loss respectively in financial year of 2008 and till 3rd quarter 2009. And Iberia and BA are trying to merger and save more than 400 million Euros per annum from their operations. 6.7. Socio-Cultural Iberia is flagship carrier of Spain and assumes its social responsibility by converting social action into a priority strategy through projects relating to the access to the transportation of passengers that require any manner of assistance and the giving over of hold space to transport humanitarian aid. During 2008 around EUR 3 million were earmarked for social action projects. It should be noted that Iberia continues to encourage its customers to participate in projects of this nature through the agreements entered into with the Spanish Red Cross and the Special Olympics and to involve its suppliers in social action projects such as the well-established collection of funds during the Christmas Campaign. 6.8. Technological Iberia has always been among the first to pass on to its customers any improvements offered by the new technologies to improve their comfort and save time. Electronic tickets; online check-in through a simple, procedure on Iberia.com; auto check-in machines at the main airports; an SMS information service of scheduled times and arrivals of flights via mobile. Apart from the auto check-in (check-in plus seat reservation) to more than 70 destinations, other advantages include the possibility of buying shuttle tickets, consulting bookings on any Iberia flight or accessing the Iberia Plus point programme. In 2008 close to 3.5 million boarding cards were issued by using auto check-in online facility. 6.9. Environmental According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the aviation sector contributes only 2% of the total CO 2 emissions generated by the consumption of fossil fuels. Internal audits were conducted in 2008 to check adequate environmental management in the areas with significant environmental impacts. A total of 39 internal environmental audits were made in Iberia during 2008, entailing the equivalent of 42 days work. Iberia currently has a very modern fleet of aircraft. Just in the past five years it has retired 76 aircraft and incorporated 60 new ones. Which reduce fuel consumptions by 20% compared to earlier generation aircrafts. Company made 1 million Euros environmental investment. 7. British Airways 7.1. Strength Strength of airline is bringing perfect service in new fleet. And best aircraft have to provide comfortable service to customers. Level of BA operations is amazing and BA gets an advantage on its competitors to provide wider variety of service to travellers. BA has 245 plains of fleet and provides services to 550 destinations around the globe with code sharing and as member of Oneworld alliance and in 2008/09 company carried 33 million passengers. BA has its own terminal at London Heathrow Airport which gives them competitive advantage to its main competitors such as Virgin Atlantic airline. 7.2. Weakness British Airways opened officially terminal 5 on 14th march 2008 but the facilities for staff and customers were unorganised. Staff faced problems for car parking that effect the work duties and other side the technical problems with bag loading in the flights. BA still having problems with missing baggage. According to AEA BA missing baggage ratio is 15.6% per 1000. BA pension schemes is big issue for management they post  £2.7 billion loss in last financial year for pension scheme. And Iberia SA told them if BA will not control Pension losses they will discontinue merger process. 7.3. Opportunity BA is going for merger with Iberia SA which would save them 400 million Euros yearly. Increase in technology is playing important role such as online ticketing, and online check-in system is saving time and cost on operations. BA own terminal at Heathrow Airport is helping to increase flights and company is able to provide more relaxed environment. The luxurious lounge has also been well received with an increase of 20% for customer satisfaction. Around 21 million people used terminal during the year. 7.4. Threats BA has threats such as unreasonable increase in competition, oil prices, credit crunch, and environmental changing or global warming. BA post  £358 million and  £208 million net loss respectively in 2008/09 financial year and in second quarter of 2009 due to credit crunch and increase of oil prices. Carbon emission is big issue for airline industry. BA is leading airline in the world and had carbon footprint of 17.6 million tons in 2008. So many other airlines are offering similar products in cheap prices. In UK Virgin Atlantic Airline is main rival for BA which is trying to have its own terminal at Gatwik Airport. 7.5. Political/Legal Government review, ImperialAirways and BritishAirways were nationalised in 1939 to form BritishOverseasAirwaysCorporation (BOAC). In 1972 Government announced its intention to merge BEA and BOAC to form BritishAirways. The BritishAirways Group was established, which would eventually result in BOAC and BEA being dissolved on 31 March 1974 upon the formation of BritishAirways. In 1984 British Airways became PLC. And in 1987 British Airways privatised and completed merger with British Caledonian which was financially troubled that time. On January 9, 2009 the European Commissions Competition Service authorised BA and Iberia merger. 7.6. Economical Economical situation all around the globe is not good. Organisations are having problems with their finances and people are losing jobs companies are spending less for their survival in this credit crunch. People have not savings to spend on holidays. if people have to travel they are using other sources of transports or other cheap air lines. That is why BA posts a net loss of  £358 million and  £208 million in current financial year in 2nd quarter. And BA and Iberia are trying to merger and save more than 400 million Euros per annum from their operations. Interest rate is historically low in UK by Bank of England as 0.5%. 7.7. Socio-Culture Our Community Learning Centre close to our Waterside headquarters at Heathrow has welcomed nearly 50,000 young people and adult learners on a range of education programmes since its opening in 1999. Last years BA Fun Run raised in excess of  £55,000 for Cancer Research UK. BITC reported our total direct and in-kind donations for 2008/09 at  £5.4 million (2008:  £5.7 million). Of these, direct charitable donations amounted to  £444,000 (2008:  £398,000). 7.8. Technology BA does around 57000 surveys every month to get best knowledge what their customers want from them. Almost third of airline booking are now made online. With almost half of all Europe from UK site. Travellers can have access to their bookings or any changes via their mobile phone. They can check-in and also access real time arrival and departure information with online system. System is saving time as well as money of travellers and company. 7.9. Environmental Climate change is an issue of huge importance to us and company have long term commitment to address it. Company climate change programme covers four main areas: Policy measures to curb emissions growth Voluntary carbon offsetting Fuel efficiency Support for scientific research In March 2009 company carbon offset scheme became first airline offset product to meet the requirements of the UK Governments Quality Assurance Scheme. Company target is reduce company net CO2 emission by 50% by 2050.Meeting this target will require investment in new technology, sustainable bio-jet fuels and in cost-effective emissions reductions in other sectors of the economy through the creation of effective global carbon trading markets. Company continue to look for ways to improve fuel efficiency and over 600 projects have so far been assessed. Of these, 55 have been implemented. 8. Corporate changes On July 29, the Board of Directors of Iberia resolved to begin talks with British Airways on a potential merger between the two airlines through an exchange of shares. In relation to this transaction, Iberia acquired a strategic ownership interest in the share capital of British Airways in 2008, which represented 9.99% of British Airways share capital at December 31. Both companies continue to work on the complex process of negotiating an agreement and planning the transaction. On January 9, 2009 the European Commissions Competition Service authorised this merger. 9. Acquisition and Merger Merger is a complete absorption of one company by another, wherein the acquiring firm retains its identity and the acquired firm ceases to exist as a separate entity. (Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan. 2007) Acquisition is generic term used to describe transfer for ownership. Merger is narrow, technical term for particular legal procedure that may or may not follow an acquisition. (Reed and Lajoux. 1999) 9.1. Merger of Iberia and BA The proposed merger will result in the creation of a new holding company (TopCo) that will own both the existing airlines and whose shareholders will be the current British Airways and Iberia shareholders. Under the terms of the proposed merger, British Airways shareholders will receive one new ordinary share in TopCo for every existing British Airways ordinary share held by them and Iberia shareholders will receive 1.0205 new ordinary shares for every existing Iberia ordinary share held by them. On the basis of this exchange ratio, and after cancellation of the treasury shares held by Iberia and prior to the cancellation of the cross-shareholdings held by British Airways and Iberia in each other, British Airways shareholders will hold 55 per cent of TopCo and Iberia shareholders will hold 45 per cent. Iberia or TopCo will not provide any guarantee or use any cash or credit facilities to fund the BA pension schemes. Merger is expected to be completed in late 2010. 9.2. Benefits of Merger The combined firm would have 419 aircraft flying to 205 destinations, and strengthen the Oneworld alliance. British Airways customers will gain access to up to 59 new destinations, of which 13 will be in Latin America, while Iberias customers will gain up to 98 new destinations across the British Airways network. They will also be offered better frequencies and connections, more competitive prices, access to more VIP lounges and enhanced frequent flyer benefits BA and Iberia said it would save them a total of 400m Euros ($594m;  £358m) in costs a year. The new group will combine the two companies leading positions in the UK and Spain and enhance their strong presence in the international long haul markets, while retaining the individual brands and current operations of each airline. Enhanced customer benefits with a larger combined network for passengers and cargo and continued investment in new customer products and services. Highly complementary network fit worldwide, in particular combining British Airways strong presence in North America, Asia-Pacific and Africa with Iberias strong Latin American presence. Greater potential for future growth by optimising the dual hubs of London and Madrid. Enhanced scale and ability to compete with other major airlines and participate in future industry consolidation. Annual synergies of approximately â‚ ¬400m at budgeted exchange rates are expected by the end of the fifth year after the completion of the merger at cash cost of up to â‚ ¬350m. The synergies will be incremental to the existing value from the airlines joint business between the UK and Spain. Approximately one third of the synergies are expected to be revenue related (joint selling, network and revenue management benefits) with the balance coming from cost synergies in areas such as IT, fleet, maintenance and back office functions. Strong group management team to maximize the combined groups earnings potential and deliver synergy benefits while maintaining localised operational focus and accountability. 10. Stake Holders BA CEO Willie Walsh said This is good news for BA, our customers and our shareholders; we recognize we have strong brands and these will be retained. Iberia CEO Vazquez, who will become chairman of TopCo, said â€Å"The merger expected synergies should help both carriers return to profitability. This project represents a very significant potential benefit for the stakeholders of both companies.† Steve Turner, Unite national officer for civil aviation, said We need assurances from the outset from British Airways and Iberia that compulsory redundancies will be avoided and that the new airline will be the best in the business in terms of passenger service. It is imperative that both companies sit down as soon as possible with the unions here and in Spain to discuss how jobs and standards can be safeguarded. The main pilots union has given the agreement a cautious welcome, with the warning to act further that the announce parity between the two airlines must be real. Spanish cabin crew, who are currently involved in strike action, have demanded that two plus two equals four in terms of

Economics Book Critique Essay

Paul Rubin began his preface by stating that tabula rasa should no longer be viewed as something credible. Rubin maintained his conclusion that evolutionary biology would eventually be the foundation of all social sciences. He maintained that the fundamental taste for liberty is a genetic legacy from the hunter-gatherer bands in the history of mankind. He stated, â€Å"I reach a surprising conclusion: modern western nations, and particularly the United States, are the most effective societies for satisfying our evolved political preferences† (Paul, p. x) Rubin’s attitude’s towards liberty is the one which cost me a great deal of apprehension, in spite of the fact that it is not brought up much in the book. Although I enjoyed reading the book, the fact that so little has been said regarding freedom, I believe, ought to be a cause of serious apprehension. In regard of the contended predominance of Rubin’s concentration on the biological foundation which lies beneath the current state of human liberty, he should have considered beginning with animal freedom as articulated by, say, Pavlov on the â€Å"freedom-reflexes†. The foundation of Rubin’s opinion appears to be a firm certainty that human control and freedom are polar opposites. In fact on his Preface he claimed that when he began the research he was still a libertarian and thus he does not understand much of government’s constant rules regarding human behavior. He stated, â€Å"I have not used evolutionary analysis to prove points in which I already believed† (Paul, p. xv). I was quite bewildered upon reading this remark especially since his declarations seems to exhibit an absolute lack of understanding regarding the vital social control as well as counter-control procedures. It also showed a black void of nearly enormous quantities in awareness of the huge body of literature which could be dated back from the founders of civilization. Rubin feelingly asserted â€Å"There are substantial benefits from limiting government power and great dangers from allowing it to increase. It is, therefore, a puzzle, to explain why so many seek to increase the power of government† (Paul, p. 134). His statement seems to be a little naive. Rubin admitted that most normal individual’s desires governments to do pretty much more than defend them from dishonest dealers, banks, and the like. Most citizens knows the danger of the profound corruption from financial organizations and this is the reason why it is not really much a â€Å"puzzle† why they want to increase government power. The same could be said with the world’s third world countries with weak economies. They look for international kind of government in order for the mistreatment of other advanced countries to be limited if not stopped altogether. The book Professor Rubin wrote is interesting in spite of the fact that I do not agree much with the things he mentioned there particularly on the issue of freedom. Professor Rubin’s, Professor of Economics, attitude towards society and liberty appears to intentionally shun the standard control terminology. He talks a great deal of power, and acquiescence in separate terms of dominant, counter dominant, and the like instead of using the standard terms such as social control and counter control. There are no discussions regarding socialization, customs, introjections of values, punishments, and the like. Overall, I view Professor Rubin’s work to be stimulating particularly because he have some unique views of his own which made me think mentally and allowed me to exercise my faculty of reason. Although I do not agree much with the things he claims, I could still say that his book was an interesting read as well as thought provoking and for these reasons I recommend this book to everyone.

Using Example of Concluding Sentence

Using Example of Concluding Sentence The typical academic paragraph typically is composed of 8-10 sentences. That is to say, you wrap up the principal points in 1 sentence. So yes, it truly is very important that you know how to compose a good concluding sentence. There are many ways where the concluding sentence within this illustration can be written. Concluding statements should give the sensation of summarization of your whole body paragraphs. And since we know you really must learn to compose a concluding sentence, we will provide you a few examples right here. A concluding sentence is utilized to signal your paragraph is coming to a conclusion. Writing a concluding sentence may not arrive as easily because you may think. The sort of concluding paragraph will be contingent on the assignment. An effective paragraph always starts with the topic sentence that supports the principal idea of the full paragraph. When you're writing an excellent conclusion paragraph, you should consider the major point you want to become across and be sure it's included. Transitions A fantastic paragraph will also utilize transition words. What Is So Fascinating About Example of Concluding Sentence? A small amount of brainstorming often goes a ways. Such descriptive' words force you to make a vivid picture in your thoughts. There are some essential things to look at when you compose the oral history. Depart from your readers with something to consider. You simply don't have the room to repeat everything. A mixture of CDs and CMs is known as a chunk. Come on, try out a bit of pie. Grab some orange juice and provide it a go! The Unexpected Truth About Example of Concluding Sentence If you observe the basic steps I've outlined and pick the appropriate method of paragraph development, you will craft the ideal paragraph structure each time. For instance, if you compose a paper about zoo animals, each paragraph would most likely be about one definite animal. To begin with, however, let's look at why paragraph structure is so vital. The obvious aside, very good paragraph structure permits you to group and organize your chief ideas into body paragraphs. Just throwing in a run of rapid-fire sentences hurts the stream of information. Because the conclusion is the previous portion of the talk, it is frequently the part the audience remembers best. The duration of a conclusion is usually proportional to the amount of the entire text. You'll locate information on writing the body, opening and conclusion in addition to those all vital transitions. Details of Example of Concluding Sentence In the end, reread your introduction and try to find any themes you might have mentioned there you could reiterate in the conclusion. True, it is a small bit about summary, but nevertheless, it should take your essay one step further. It's far better provide students with a couple example sentences when you're teaching them about this component of paper writing. Utilizing figurative language embellishes the standard of description and the content grows more live and vivid. Understanding how to end a speech is equally as vital as knowing how to get started. You're able to share your issues with the community to find assistance and advice. Social networking gives plenty of possibilities to students and teachers. The authors did not attempt to hide any troubles with the research. As you could have guessed, the objective of an informative essay is to give information on a particular topic. However, it's still important to sufficiently conclude the preceding topic discussed and introduce the topic which will follow. Don't forget the brainstorming session you want to undergo before selecting a descriptive essay topic. Today gender roles are shifted, making strong influence on society. Everyone wants to lower the variety of cases of Postpartum Depression and among the techniques to do so is to consider the recent treatments and programs and assess their success to attempt to discover strategies to enhance the current programs. Ultimately, it's obvious that soda consumption needs to be made illegal in Minnesota by the State Legislature. A number of issues of concern stay unsolved. More than 200 million are produced annually around the world. It is quite easy to educate from others in social networking. The variety of cars which are mass produced today is astounding. The variety of automobiles that are owned by men and women in the us is equally staggering.

How Gender Stereotypes Have Always Been A Part Of Society

Gender stereotypes have always been a part of society through our communication and/or actions on a day to day basis. We see these stereotypes in â€Å"Day Star† by Rita Dove, â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid, and â€Å"Barbie Doll† by Marge Piercy. â€Å"Day Star† by Rita Dove is about a mother who felt overwhelmed in her life as a stay at home mother. â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid is about a mother trying to give her young daughter advice on how not to, as she put it, â€Å"be the slut she s so intent on being†, as well as general life advice. â€Å"Barbie Girl† by Marge Piercy was about a smart young lady who did not look how society wanted her to look so she cut off her legs and nose, her biggest features according to society around her and died. â€Å"Day Star†, by Rita Dove, is about a woman that feels overwhelmed in her duties as a mother and a wifea b as a result of a lack of time to herself. Her duties as both a mother and a wife seemingly never end for her, or any mother for that matter. She was always busy making sure her two children were satisfied and cared for and that her husband was satisfied. Throughout her day, she could only get a grasp of a single hour in which she could simply sit alone and have nothing to do wherein she could just be nothing. During that hour, she would simply ignore the things around her and be happy in being nothing. But, during the moments where she was back to her duties, she would reminisce and dream of her time alone. This is a portrayal of the idea that a wife andShow MoreRelatedYoung Children And Adults Alike1515 Words   |  7 PagesAfter† have taken on a life of their own, independent from the stories in which they were written. Beloved by children and adults alike, these stories have been passed down over multiple generations. Along with these stories come morals, values, and stereotypes. 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These roles have been placed in society since the beginning of time. The term gender is socially created and it therefore categorizes men from women. How is gender defined, and what makes it different from the term sex? â€Å"†¦sex refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish women and men: sex chromosomes, reproductive organs, sex-specific hormones, and physical characteristics†¦Gender†¦ refers to the socialRead MoreHow Heteronormativity And Media Stereotypes On Queer People Express Their Sexualities1655 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: HOW HETERONORMATIVITY AND MEDIA STEREOTYPES IN SOCIETY INFLUENCES HOW QUEER PEOPLE EXPRESS THEIR SEXUALITIES How heteronormativity and media stereotypes influences how queer people express their sexualities Vanessa Gomes Ryerson University â€Å"Who is the man in the relationship?† â€Å"Who tops or bottoms?† These questions have become a fundamental part in queer people’s lives. Why do non queer people need for queer people and their relationships to imitate heternormativeRead MoreEssay On Gender Oppression1507 Words   |  7 PagesGender Oppression Nelson Mandela once said, Freedom cannot be achieved unless women have been emancipated from all forms of oppression. What Mandela is trying to convey is that society is being restrained by social norms and gender roles. While today’s society is not as controlled by gender as Mandela’s, women still continue to be oppressed by it. In the reading â€Å"The Cycle of Oppression,† the cycle is explained part by part, and why it is continuous is discovered. The cycle remains continuous becauseRead MoreGender Inequality : Gender And Gender1217 Words   |  5 PagesGender has always been an interesting topic to me. The cool thing about gender is that it differs so much, whether it be from country to country, or from periods of time. Gender even differs within the same country between different regions and cultures. Gender is one of those things that is never consistent, and could definitely change drastically in my lifetime. So what exactly is Gender? Often, people get the term gender confused with the term sex. Although they are associated with each otherRead MoreFairytales : The Way Of The Society And Mainstream Pop Culture1457 Words   |  6 PagesFor almost two centuries, fairytales have been a huge part of society and mainstream pop culture. Fairytales are ways creators explain the world to children. Fairytales give a platform to teach young children moral lessons and give them ideas on how to apply them to everyday situations in kid-friendly language. Even though fairytales are make believe stories, often the portrayal of males and females in them are not accurate. Women are often seen as damsels-in-distress who wait for a brave knight